{"id":477,"date":"2024-08-29T02:56:52","date_gmt":"2024-08-29T00:56:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.collectif-reconstruire.fr\/?p=477"},"modified":"2024-08-29T02:56:52","modified_gmt":"2024-08-29T00:56:52","slug":"desindustrialisation-la-place-de-lenseignement-superieur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.collectif-reconstruire.fr\/index.php\/2024\/08\/29\/desindustrialisation-la-place-de-lenseignement-superieur\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00e9sindustrialisation : la place de l&rsquo;enseignement sup\u00e9rieur."},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"477\" class=\"elementor elementor-477\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75cb2d9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"75cb2d9\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec290a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ec290a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 30-04-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"564\" height=\"317\" src=\"https:\/\/www.collectif-reconstruire.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Article-enseignement-superieur.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-479\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.collectif-reconstruire.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Article-enseignement-superieur.png 564w, https:\/\/www.collectif-reconstruire.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Article-enseignement-superieur-300x169.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 564px) 100vw, 564px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b1e3c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9b1e3c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 30-04-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p id=\"ember287\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">Malgr\u00e9 les annonces, la France reste profond\u00e9ment d\u00e9sindustrialis\u00e9e : 12% des emplois salari\u00e9s sont dans l\u2019industrie au premier trimestre 2024 (13,1% il y a 10 ans) (source : INSEE)<\/p><p id=\"ember288\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">Les facteurs sont ind\u00e9niablement multiples. On s&rsquo;int\u00e9resse ici \u00e0 la place de l&rsquo;enseignement sup\u00e9rieur dans cette d\u00e9sindustrialisation.<\/p><p id=\"ember289\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">Le premier indicateur qu&rsquo;il convient de regarder est le nombre d&rsquo;ing\u00e9nieurs form\u00e9s par rapport \u00e0 l&rsquo;ensemble des \u00e9tudiants. On choisit ici de comparer la part d&rsquo;\u00e9tudiants ing\u00e9nieurs pour 1000 \u00e9tudiants toutes fili\u00e8res confondues, \u00e0 la part d&rsquo;\u00e9tudiants en \u00e9cole de commerce (et gestion, comptabilit\u00e9 et vente).<\/p><p id=\"ember290\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">On constate que jusqu\u2019au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 2000, l\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur formait plus d\u2019ing\u00e9nieurs que de dipl\u00f4m\u00e9s d\u2019\u00e9coles de commerce.\u00a0 Ce n\u2019est plus le cas depuis au moins 2010. Depuis 2020 le nombre d\u2019ing\u00e9nieurs form\u00e9s n\u2019est plus que deux tiers de celui d\u2019\u00e9tudiants en \u00e9coles de commerce.<\/p><p id=\"ember291\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">Mettre ce tableau en face de celui de la balance commerciale nationale est cruel mais n\u00e9cessaire. Depuis 2014, le d\u00e9ficit commercial hors \u00e9nergie et mat\u00e9riel militaire a tripl\u00e9 :\u00a0 19 \u00e0 54 milliards d\u2019euros.<\/p><div class=\"reader-image-block reader-image-block--full-width\"><figure class=\"reader-image-block__figure\"><div class=\"ivm-image-view-model \"><div class=\"ivm-view-attr__img-wrapper \"><img decoding=\"async\" id=\"ember292\" class=\"ivm-view-attr__img--centered reader-image-block__img evi-image lazy-image ember-view aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/media.licdn.com\/dms\/image\/v2\/D4E12AQGek3SBnNwHyg\/article-inline_image-shrink_1500_2232\/article-inline_image-shrink_1500_2232\/0\/1723822978793?e=1730332800&amp;v=beta&amp;t=MCtUEamsJjdiMqabM-YpyA_jEEA4jSeHTpFJBqjafCY\" alt=\"\" \/><br \/><p id=\"ember293\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">Quelle partie de ce d\u00e9ficit provient d\u2019un manque d\u2019ing\u00e9nieur dans le pays pour cr\u00e9er de nouveaux biens et services ou relocaliser ? M\u00eame si la complexit\u00e9 de l\u2019analyse impose d\u2019\u00eatre prudent, on ne peut n\u00e9anmoins que rappeler que l\u2019industrie ne peut se passer d\u2019ing\u00e9nieurs, de techniciens, d\u2019ouvriers qualifi\u00e9s, toutes ces comp\u00e9tences et m\u00e9tiers d\u00e9valoris\u00e9s depuis pr\u00e8s de 25 ans. Est-il utile de rappeler le slogan r\u00e9trospectivement stupidissime de \u201cl\u2019entreprise sans usine\u201d, et donc sans ces m\u00e9tiers techniques, lanc\u00e9 par celui qui a quasiment d\u00e9truit dans le pays les industries dont il avait la responsabilit\u00e9 ?<\/p><p id=\"ember294\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">La perte de prestige des m\u00e9tiers de l\u2019industrie se voit dans les d\u00e9bouch\u00e9s affich\u00e9s par les plus grandes \u00e9coles d\u2019ing\u00e9nieurs :<\/p><p id=\"ember295\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">&#8211; L\u2019enqu\u00eate Premier Emploi 2022 de l\u2019Ecole Polytechnique montre que seuls 57% des 46% de dipl\u00f4m\u00e9s qui vont en entreprise s\u2019orientent vers l\u2019industrie. Pour la premi\u00e8re \u00e9cole d\u2019ing\u00e9nieur de France, avec une fibre \u201cpoly technicienne\u201d assum\u00e9e, 12% de dipl\u00f4m\u00e9s dans l\u2019industrie. Est-ce suffisant ?<\/p><p id=\"ember296\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">&#8211; Pour l\u2019Ecole des Mines, l\u2019\u00e9tude 2024 montre que ce ne sont que 18% des ing\u00e9nieurs civils qui vont vers l\u2019industrie. Si on rajoute 23% de ceux allant vers les Syst\u00e8mes d\u2019information et les Technologies d\u2019Information, qui sont en partie de l\u2019industrie, on obtient 41%. Mais concernant les fonctions, seuls 16% s\u2019int\u00e9ressent \u00e0 \u201cProduction \/ Exploitation \/ Supply chain\u201d.<\/p><p id=\"ember297\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">&#8211; Enfin pour les Centraliens, le secteur de pr\u00e9dilection est \u2026 l\u2019audit et le conseil, \u00e0 20%. Si une part d\u2019entre eux travailleront pour l\u2019industrie, combien recommanderont de r\u00e9industrialiser le pays, quand seuls 11% d\u2019entre eux se dirigent vers ce domaine ?<\/p><p id=\"ember298\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">Co\u00efncidence ? Corr\u00e9lation ? Causalit\u00e9, et si oui dans quel sens ? Le nombre d\u2019\u00e9tudiant ing\u00e9nieurs allant vers la fili\u00e8re industrielle est au plus bas depuis des dizaines d\u2019ann\u00e9es et au niveau des 12% d\u2019emplois salari\u00e9s dans l\u2019industrie.<\/p><p id=\"ember299\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">Si les institutions qui forment les \u00e9lites de demain ne sont pas capables de motiver leurs \u00e9tudiants \u00e0 reprendre en main l\u2019industrie du pays, qui le pourra ?<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Malgr\u00e9 les annonces, la France reste profond\u00e9ment d\u00e9sindustrialis\u00e9e : 12% des emplois salari\u00e9s sont dans l\u2019industrie au premier trimestre 2024 (13,1% il y a 10 ans) (source : INSEE) Les facteurs sont ind\u00e9niablement multiples. On s&rsquo;int\u00e9resse ici \u00e0 la place de l&rsquo;enseignement sup\u00e9rieur dans cette d\u00e9sindustrialisation. Le premier indicateur qu&rsquo;il convient de regarder est le [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":479,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"","ocean_second_sidebar":"","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"","ocean_custom_header_template":"","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"on","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-477","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-non-classe","entry","has-media"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.collectif-reconstruire.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/477","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.collectif-reconstruire.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.collectif-reconstruire.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.collectif-reconstruire.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.collectif-reconstruire.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=477"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.collectif-reconstruire.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/477\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":482,"href":"https:\/\/www.collectif-reconstruire.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/477\/revisions\/482"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.collectif-reconstruire.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/479"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.collectif-reconstruire.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=477"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.collectif-reconstruire.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=477"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.collectif-reconstruire.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=477"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}